Lithium batteries are a type of rechargeable battery where lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging. They are popular due to their high energy density, low self-discharge, and long life. The common types of lithium batteries include:
- Lithium-Ion (Li-ion): These are the most commonly used in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and aerospace applications. They offer high energy density and can be recharged many times.
- Lithium Polymer (LiPo): Similar to lithium-ion but uses a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid one. This allows for thinner, lighter batteries with a lower chance of leakage.
- Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4): Known for its strong thermal stability, safety characteristics, and longer lifespans, making it suitable for applications like power tools and electric vehicles.
- Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2): Offers high energy density but has safety risks if damaged or improperly handled. It's commonly used in laptops and smartphones.
- Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4): Known for its high thermal stability and safety but has a lower energy density.
- Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2 or NMC): Balances energy density with stability, commonly used in electric vehicles and power tools.
- Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2 or NCA): Similar to NMC but with slightly higher energy density, used in electric vehicles and aerospace applications.
- Lithium Titanate (Li4Ti5O12): Known for its fast recharge times and excellent safety, but has a lower energy density, used in some electric vehicles and military applications.